Molecules or ions which act a ligands should therefore have lone pairs of electrons for donation . 作为配体的分子或离子应该有具有作给予用的孤电子对。
2.
Lone pair electron 孤对电子
3.
These quenching centers can quench both blue emission related to the surface defects and the orange emission of mn2 + impurities . they are most likely originated from the dangling bonds of the lone pairs on surface s2 " or the zn2 + vacancies 这种表面猝灭中心对自激活蓝光和橙光发射都有猝灭作用，它们极有可能来自表面s ~ ( 2 - )孤对电子的悬空键或zn ~ ( 2 + )空位。
